PS+4+-+5th+Period+Brown

Chemical Bonds: Chemical Reactions: Acids and Bases:
 * chemical formula- chemical shorthand that uses symbols to tell what elements are in a compound and their ratios ex.
 * symbol- ex. H= Hydrogen, He= Helium
 * subscript-H2O; 2 is the subscript
 * oxidation number- positive or negative that indicates how many electrons at atom has gained,lost, or shared to become stable
 * balanced chemical equation- chemical equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation
 * bohr model- ex.[[image:http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:zBtWZWdMPDfABM:http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/Chemistry/Generalchemistry/Elements/onlibeinteractive/Zinc/b0030.gif width="114" height="113" link="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/Chemistry/Generalchemistry/Elements/onlibeinteractive/Zinc/b0030.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/Chemistry/Generalchemistry/Elements/onlibeinteractive/Zinc/Zinc.htm&usg=__HTXNVbJGqg9O-1-DJRGC3r4AHYQ=&h=275&w=277&sz=13&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=zBtWZWdMPDfABM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbohr%2Bmodel%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1"]] a bohr model can only have two electrons on the shell, but the rings 2 and up can have at least 8 electrons
 * ion-charged particle that has either more of fewer electrons that protons
 * charge- group 1- 1+, group 2- 2+, group 13- 3+, group 15- 3-, group 16- 2-, group 17- 1-
 * criss cross method- if you have a negative number and a positive the number and they are the same they cancel out ex. [[image:http://www2.lincoln.k12.or.us/newporths/css/staff/bmontgom/chem/Chapter06/Text/Images/CrissCrossCalciumSulfide.gif]]
 * valance electrons- electrons on the outer most energy level of the atom
 * noble gases- group 18
 * stable- makes an atom stable when they have 8 valence electrons
 * metal- element that typically is hard, shiny solid, is malleable, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
 * nonmetal- element that usually is a agas or brittle sodid at room temperature, is not malleable of ductile, is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and typically is not shiny
 * ionic bond- a bond between a nonmetal and a metal
 * covalent bond- attraction formed between atoms when they share electron
 * electrons- particles surrounding the center of an atom that have a charge of 1-
 * electron dot diagram- uses the symbol for an element and dots representing the number of electrons in the element's outer energy level ex. [[image:http://cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload//8000/900/50/2/48952_125x175_aspect.jpg caption="external image 48952_125x175_aspect.jpg"]]
 * paired electrons- electrons that are in a pair in an electron dot diagram
 * unpaired electrons- electrons that are by their self in an electron dot diagram
 * criss cross method- If you have Na which is 1 plus because it's in group 1 and S which is 2 minus because it's in groups 16. To balance those out, you criss cross and the answer would be Na2S.
 * charge- if something is positive negative, or neutral
 * balanced- when an quation is written, on both sides all the elements are equal
 * gain elctrons- nonmetals
 * lose electrons- metals
 * balanced- same number of atoms of each side on the equation
 * atoms rearrange- chemical reaction, you don't have the same elements
 * chemical reaction-
 * reactant- on the left side of equation
 * product- on the right side of equation
 * exothermic reaction-gives off heat
 * endothermic reaction-stores heat
 * synthesis-one product
 * combustion-02[subscript of two]
 * decompostion-one reactant
 * single replacement-element being replaced
 * coefficicent-the number of molecules that you have on both sides
 * acids- any substaces that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution
 * hydrogen ions- ionized hydrogen (h+) found in solutions of all acids
 * hydronium- hydrated hydrogen ion
 * strong acid- nearly 100 percent ionized in solution
 * weak acid- low percentage of iodine
 * bases- substance that accepts protons
 * hydroxide- a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group
 * strong base- base with high iodine
 * weak base- base with low iodine
 * conductivity- able to conduct heat, electricity, or sounds
 * pH scale- decides the acidity or alkalinity in a solution
 * indicatiors- a substance, litmus, which shows a certain extent
 * neualization- a reaction between an acid and a base that yields a salt and water

Questions: 1.) A reaction in which two or more reactants yield a single product is a.)synthesis b.)combustion c.)decomposistion d.)single replacement 2.) A reaction in which one or more reactants combined with oxygen releasing heat or light is a.)synthesis b.)combustion c.)single replacement d.)decomposition 3.) A reaction that releases energy is a.)a physical change b.)none of these c.)endothermic d.)exothermic 4.) What type of reaction is thisH2 + O2 => H2O a.)synthesis b.)double replacement c.)decomposition d.)single replacement 5.) What type of bond involves two nonmetals a.)covalent b.)chemical c.)ionic d.)metallic 6.) Nonmetals tend to a.)gain electrons b.)lose electrons c.)neither gain or lose electrons d.)none of these 7.) How many electrons are in one cavalent bond? a.)8 b.)1 c.)it depends on the atoms d.)2 8.) How many atoms are in the following compound: H2SO4 a.)3 b.)8 c.)6 d.)7 9.) An bond is the force of attraction between the opposite charges of an ion. a.)covalent b.)chemical c.)ionic d.)binary 10.) Ionic bonding occurs when ions of ________ charge are attracted to one another. a.)opposite b.)positive c.)negative d.)equal 11.) Which substance is an ionic bond? a.)CO b.)CaCL2 c.)AtL d.)HuV 12.) Ionic compounds usually have much melting and boiling points than covalent bonds. a.)unequal b.)lower c.)equal d.)higher 13.) Salt is a moelcule made of ________ and Chloride. a.)sodium b.)lithium c.)fluorine d.)selenium 14.) A reaction that releases energy is a.)a physical change b.)none of these c.)endothermic d.)exothermic 15.) One element replaces a similar element in a compund: a.)single replacement b.)double replacement c.)decompostion d.)synthesis
 * Answer: a.) synthesis**
 * Answer: b.) combustion**
 * Answer: d.)exothermic**
 * Answer: a.) synthesis**
 * Answer: a.)covalent**
 * Answer: a.) gain electrons**
 * Answer: d.)**
 * Answer: d.)7**
 * Answer: c.)ionic**
 * Answer: a.)opposite**
 * Answer: a.)CO**
 * Answer: b.)lower**
 * Answer: a.)sodium**
 * Answer: d.)exothermic**
 * Answer: a.)single replacement**

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