PS+7+-+5th+Period+Brown

__**PS 7 Standards**__
 * **__Waves__**
 * __Wave__- A repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space.
 * Ex. Sound waves, ocean waves, light waves, etc.
 * __Energy__- The ability to cause change.
 * __Sound Wave__- A mechanical disturbance by a force moving molecules in the medium through which it passes. Sound waves require a medium, and can travel out in all directions from a vibrating object.
 * __Light Wave__- Energy that can be transmitted without mechanical disturbance of the particles of a medium. Light waves travel in straight lines in all directions and can travel without a medium.
 * __Electromagnetic Wave__- A wave that doesn't require a medium.
 * __Mechanical Wave__- A wave that must travel through a medium.
 * __Transverse Wave__- A type of mechanical wave that travels up an down through the medium.
 * __Longitudinal/Compressional Wave__- A type of mechanical wave that travels straight across through a medium.
 * __Crest__- The highest point of a transverse wave.
 * __Trough__- The lowest point of a transverse wave.
 * __Compression__- A pressure area in a longitudinal/compressional wave created when the particles in a medium are pushed together.
 * __Rarefraction__- A low pressure area in a longitudinal/compressional wave created when the particles in a medium spread out.
 * __Wavelength__- The length of one wave.
 * __Frequency__- The number of waves that pass by in a second.
 * __Hertz__- The unit of measurement for frequency.
 * __Amplitude__- The height or strength of a wave.
 * __Period__- The time for one complete wave to pass.
 * __v=lf__- The formula used to figure out the speed of a wave.
 * __**Electromagnetic Spectrum**__
 * __Electromagnetic Spectrum__- The entire range of frequincies of electromagnetic radiation.
 * __Different Electromagnetic Waves__
 * __Electromagnetic Wave__- A wave created by vibrating electric charges and has a wide variety of frequency and wavelength.
 * Radio waves
 * Microwaves
 * Infrared radiation
 * Visible light
 * Ultraviolet
 * X-Rays
 * Gamma rays
 * __Relationships between:__
 * __Energy and Frequency__- The higher the energy, the higher the frequency.
 * __Frequency and Wavelength__- The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency.
 * Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves.

>> __Angle of Incidence__- The angle between the **incident** ray and a line perpendicular to the surface.
 * **__Interference, Sound, Light, and Doppler Effect__**
 * __Constructive__- When the crests of two or more transverse waves arrive at the same place at the same time and overlap.
 * __Destructive__- When the crest of one transverse wave meets the crest of another transverse wave.
 * __Sound Wave__- A mechanical disturbance caused by a force, moving molecules in a medium through which it passes.
 * Constructive interference makes sounds louder and destructive interference makes sounds quieter.
 * __Light Wave__- Energy that can be transmitted without mechanical disturbance of the particles of a medium.
 * __Law of Reflection__- States that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
 * __Angle of Reflection__- The angle between the **reflected** ray and a line perpindicular to the surface.
 * __Mirror__- Light waves are reflected by mirrors. The image appears as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. Because of this, both the image and the object appear to be the same size and the image is upright.
 * __Diffraction__- The bending of awave around a barrier or around the edges of an opening.
 * __Refraction__- When light waves change direction upon entering another medium, the waves travel at a different speed.
 * When light enters a prism, it slows down and bends down when it strikes an angle. Then, the light speeds back up when it exits the prism and bends down again.
 * When white light enters a prism, the violet end of the spectrum slows down more than the red end causing the colors to spread out and bend more.
 * __Convex Lenses__- When light rays enter convex lenses, they narrow down.
 * __Concave Lenses__- When light rays enter concave lenses, they spread out.
 * __The Doppler Effect__- An apparent frequency shift due to the relative motion of an observer and a wave source.

__**Review Questions**__ 1.) Light waves travel at the speed of light, 300,000,000 m/s. What is the frequency of a light wave with a wavelength of 5,000,000,000? A.) 1.5 B.) 0.06 C.) 167,000,000,000,000,000,000 D.) 60,000,000,000,000,000

2.) What kind of waves transmit light from the Sun to the Earth? A.) Mechanical Waves B.) Light Waves C.) Transverse Waves D.) Radio Waves

3.) As white light enters a prism, it exits displaying the colors of the visible spectrum. List the colors of the visible spectrum from longest to shortest wavelengths. A.) Violet, Blue, Green, Orange, Yellow, Red B.) Red, Yellow, Orange, Green, Blue, Violet C.) Violet, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red D.) Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet

4.) The change in the direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another is known as: A.) Diffraction B.) Interference C.) Refraction D.) Reflection

5.) If a wave has a wavelength of 350 m and a velocity of 4830 meters per minute, what is its frequency? A.) 828 B.) .072 C.) .23 D.) .014


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