PS+6+-+4th+Period+Brown


 * Energy**

1) **Potential:** is stored energy due to the objects position or state. 2) **Chemical:** is stored in the bonds that hold atoms together. This energy is stored in substances such as foods and fuels. 3) **Gravitational Potential Energy:** energy stored by objects due to their postion above Earth's surface. 4) **Thermal Energy:** sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particals in an object, is transformed by conduction, covection, and radiation. 5) **Kinetic Energy:** energy a moving object has because of its motion; depends on the mass and speed of the other.


 * __Conservation of Energy__**

1) **Law of Conservation of Energy:** states that energy can never be created nor destoryed. 2) **Friction:** force that opposes the sliding motion between two touching surfaces. 3) **Fission:** involves the nuclei of atoms(it converts a small amount of mass into enormous quantities of energy.) 4) **Fusion:** two nuclei with low masses are combined to form one nucleus of larger mass.


 * __Electricity__**

1**) Static Electricity**: the accumulation of excess electric on an object. 2) **Conservation of Charges:** states that charge can be transferred from one object to another b ut cannot be created or destroyed. 3) **Opposites Attract:** things with different charge attract ( + - attract) 4) **Conductors:** material, such as copper wire, in which electrons can move easily. 5) **Insulators:** material in which electrons are not able to move easily, such as glass. 6) **Conduction:** transfer of thermal energy by collisions betwwen particles in matter at a higher tempature and particles in matter at a lower tempature. 7) **Metal Conductors:** good for getting heat and electricity. 8) **Voltage:** related to the force that causes electric charges to flow. 9) **Current:** flow of electrons. 10) **Amps:** a measure of the energy carried by a wave. 11) **Battery:** a cell that stores energy. 12) **Ohm's Law:** the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance. 13) **Series Circuit:** the current has only one loop to flow through. Series circuits are used in flashlights and some holiday lights. 14) **Parallel Circuits:** contain two or more branches for current to move through. 15) **Fuses:** one time use. 1) Longer wires 2) Thinner wires 3) Higher tempatures. 1) Incandescent a) Have a tiny filament that resists the flow of electrons. b) The filament gets hot and glows to produce light. c) Very hot and inefficient.
 * **__Static Electricity__**
 * __Three ways to improve greater wire resistance:__**
 * __Light bulbs__**
 * __Work and Power

Work=forcexdistance. Unit of work is the joule. There is no work if there is no change in distance. Power=work/time. Units of power=watts.

Electricity and Magnetism__** 1) **Magnetism:** the properties and interactions of magnets. 2) **Magnetic Poles:** region on a magnet where the magneticforce exerted by a magnet is strongest; like poles repel and opposite poles attract. 3) **Magnetic Field:** surrounds a magnetic and exerts a force on other magnets and objects made of magnetic material. 4) **Electromagnet:** temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil, carrying a current, around an iron core. 5) **Speaker:** something that sounds come out of. 6) **Motor:** device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy by using the magnetic forces between an electromagnetic and a permanent magnet to make a shaft rotate. 7) **Electromagnetic induction:** process in which electric current is produced in a wire loop by a changing magnetic field. 8) **Direct current:** electric current that flows in only one direction. 9) **Alternating current:** electric current that reverses its direction of flow in a regular pattern.


 * __Pictures.__**
 * Define the following terms.
 * Elements-mixture heterogeneous mixture-compound-homogeneous mixture- solution
 * Chose the best answer.

A. an element B. a compound D. an isotope
 * 1) Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
 * 2) salt water B. carbon dioxide C. bronze **D. vegetable soup**
 * 3) Which of the following can be separated by filtering?
 * 4) a solution B. a compound C. an element **D. a heterogeneous mixture**
 * 5) What is a physical combination of two or more substance called
 * C. mixture**

4. Witch of the following could be physically separated? A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide D. pure water
 * C. salt dissolved in water**

5. Which of the following must be chemically separated to isolate individual elements? **A. ammonia** B. brass C. oil and vinegar salad dressing D. air

6. Which of the following combinations would result in substances that are chemically different than its components? B. sugar and water makes a sugar-water solution. C. copper and tin from bronze. D oxygen and nitrogen from the air that we breathe. 7. If a physical property depends on the amount of matter present, it is a(n) _property A.intrinsic B.eztrinsic C.chemical D.dense
 * A. carbon and oxygen from carbon dioxide.**

8. Pressure can affect the density of A. solids B. liquids. C.gases D. none 9. Identify the following substances as element (E), compound (C) or mixture (M) A. gasoline B. carbon dioxide C.milk D.calcium E.calcium carbonate F.blood G. sand and sugar H. chicken noodle soup 10. Identify the following mixtures as homogeneous (HO) or heterogeneous (HE) A. gasoline B. chunky peanuts butter C. filtered apple juice D.oil and vinegar 11. density generally__ as temperature increases. A. increases B. decreases C. stays the same D is less noticeable 12. which gas law gives a proportional relationship between temperature and volume? A. boyles law B. charles law C. the ideal gas Law D. B and C 13. which of the following tyoes of solid is the most soluble in water? A.ionic solid B.nompolar molecular solid C. polar monlecular solid 14. which of the following states of matter would be least likely to respond to a change in pressure A.liquid B.gas C.plasma D.all of these. 15. The kinetic energy of substances is greatest in which state? A. solid B. liquid
 * D. aor c are both water soluble**
 * C. gas**