PS+6+-+6th+Period+Brown

__Energy__ Electrical- the movement of electric charges Chemical- energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules Thermal- the movement/ vibration of atoms and molecules in substances Kinetic- energy in the from of motion Potential- stored energy due to position Gravitational Potential- energy that is stored by objects that are above earths surface Energy Transformation- light energy and thermal energy Light Energy- transforms into chemical energy Chemical Potential Energy- energy stored in bonds Law of Conservation of Energy- states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed Friction- force that opposes the sliding motion between two touching objects Fusion- atoms collide with each other so strongly that they fuse together; energy is released Fission- opposite of nuclear fusion; atoms split apart and energy is released Work- force X distance Unit of Work- joule Power- work / time Unit of Power- watts __Electricity__ Static Electricity- the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object Electric Charges- there are two types of electric charges/ positive(protons) and negetive(electrons) Conservation of Charge- charge is never created nor destroyed electrons simply move from one object to another Opposites Attract- like charges repel, different poles will attract/ some poles repel Conductors- an excess of electrons can move easily through materials Insulators- material in which electrons are not able to move easily Metal Conductors- atoms in metals have electrons that easily move through materials Induction- objects can be charged by bringing by a charged object near a neutral object Friction- if you rub one against another, sometimes electrons leave one object and stick to another leaving both objects charged Conduction- electrons can be transferred from one object to another by touching Voltage- the difference in electrical potential between two places where e- are flowing Volts- the measurement for voltage Current- the flow of electric charge Amps- the measurement for current Battery- E- pumps they provide a voltage difference to a circuit Resistance- opposition to the flow of e-, changes electrical energy into thermal energy and/ or light Conductor- has less resistance than insulators Insulator- has more resistance than a conductor __Three Ways to Increase Resistance in Wires__: - Longer waves - Thinner wire - Higher Temperatures Ohm's Law- current= voltage difference/ resistance Series circuit- has one path, any break and all devices go out, the current is the same throughtout the circuit Parallel Circuit- multiple paths, a break in one branch and the other branches stay on, voltage is the same in each branch, but current and resistance may be diffrent Fuses- one time use Light Bulbs- have a tiny filament that resists the flaw of electrons Generators- change the energy from mechanical to chemical __Electricity and Magnetism__ Magnetism- the properties and interactions of magnets Magnetic Poles- region on a magnet where the magnetic force exerted by a magnt is strongest; like poles repel and opposite poles attract Magnetic Fields- Surrounds a magnet and exerts a force on other magnets and object made of magnetic material Electromagnet- temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil, carrying a current, around an iron core Motor- a device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy Commutator- reverses the poles of magnet to allow it to keep spinning Electromagnetic Induction- process in which electric current is produced in a wire loop by a changing magnetic field Electric Generater- converts mechanical energy to chemical energy Direct Current- electric current that flows only in one direction Alternating Current- electric current that reverses it's direction of flow in a regular pattern

__Questions__ 1. Which is an example of chemical energy? A) horse pulling a cart B) thermos of hot coffee C) food D) marching band in a parade 2. Which of the following is a device that transforms mechanical enegry into electrical energy A) blender B) car engine C) hydroelectric dam D) flash light 3. If you apply a constant force on 1N on a book to pick it up off the floor and set it on a desk 1m high, how much work did you do on the... A) 0.5J B) 1J C) 5J D)10J 4. If a negetive charge that is free to move is placed exactly between two positive charge, it will A) move to the left B) move to the right C) move up of down D) not move 5. A balloon is rubbed all over with wool. The balloon will now how attract the wool because A) the balloon and the wool are magners B) the balloon and the wool have opposite charges C) the balloon and the wool have like charges D) the balloon and the wool are neutral 6. The rule for conservation of charge suggest that... A) an isolated conduction shere will hold a net charge B) if you touch a charged sphere to two neutral ones, the neutral one will each end up with half the original charge C) a peice of silk will be more positively charged after being rubbed with a glass rod D)negative charges can be created only if positive charges are also created 7. If a bowling ball with a mass of 4.5kg is dropped from the top of a building that is 16m high, about how much work does gravity do on the bowling ball? A) 640J B)706J C) 360J D) 720J 8. If a car engine is suppllied 20J of chemical energy from gasoline and it transforms this chemical energy into 8J of mechanical energy, how much chemical energy is lost as thermal energy? A) 28J B) 20J C) 12J D) 8J 9. The law of conservation of energy implies which one of the following statement? A) light energy is always decreasing B) the kinetic energy of a moving object is always equal to its potential energy C) the amount of energy in a closed system remains constant D) thermal energy is always increasing 10. If a rock were thrown up into the air, which of following would describe the changes in kinetic of potential energy? A) the kinetic energy is increasing as it goes up and decreasing as it falls down B) the potential energy is increasing as it goes up and decreasing as it falls back down C) the potential energy is increasing as it goes up and increasing as it falls back down D) the kinetic energy is decreasing as it goes up and as it falls back down 11. in the equation for ohms law, I is A) impedance B) resistance C) impulse D) current 12. If you have an electrical circut made of copper, which material below would make a good heating element? A) pure water B) glass C) silver D) iron 13. Of the following materials, which would be the best choice for insulating copper wire? A) aluminum foil B) salt water C) glass D) silicon 14. Which of the following is not a resistor? A) silver wire B) light bulb C) heating element D) digital display 15. If a simple circut has one resistor of 2 ohms and a current of 3 amps, how many volts is the power source? A) 6 volts B) 18 volts C) 3 volts D) 9 volts

__Websites []. http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/dc.html [] http://www.studysphere.com/site/sphere_4880.html http://www.phet.colcrodo.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=ohms_law.html__