PS+3+-+5th+period+Brown

Key Terms:

__Properties of Matter:__

__Physical/Chemical Properties__ Substance- Element or compound that can't be broken down into simpler components. Element- subtances with atoms that are alike. Compound- 2 or more elements combined to form a new substance. Mixture- Combination of two or more elements. Heterogeneous- a mixture in which different materials can easily be distinguished. Homogeneous- contains 2 or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout. Colliod- a type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions but not heavy enough to settle out. Suspension- a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. Physical Property- any characteristic of a material, such as sie or shape, that you can observe without changing the identity of the material. Physical Change- any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of substance remains the same. Chemical Property- any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a bertain chemical change. Chemical Change- change of one substance into a new substance. Rust(called oxidation)- occurs when oxygen comes in contact with certain metals. Law of Conservation of Mass- states that the mass of a substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances remaining after a change.



__Factors Affecting the Rate of Solution__ Dissolve- the breaking down of particles. Solubility- the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a certain temperature. Solution- a homogeneous mixture that remains mixed so that the particles can't be seen. Solute- the substance that is being dissolve. Solvent- in a solution, the substance in which the solute is dissolve. Molecule- a neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing. Agitation- when a solution is stirred in order to speed up the dissolving process. Particle Size- the size of a particle dissolving that determines how fast it dissolves. If it is big, it is going to take longer. If it is small it will dissolve quicker. Temperature- a measure of the average kenetic energy of all the particles in an object. Surface Area- the more surface area, the faster the solution will dissolve.



__Phases of Matter:__ Kenetic Theory- explanation of the behaivor of molecules in matter, states that all matter is made of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy. Solids- atoms packed closlely together in fixed position. Liquids- can move in relative in each other. Gases- Molecules move independently. Plasma- ionized gas with no collective movemant. Phase Change- adding or subtracting energy in the form of heat. Freezing Point- the temperature at which a liquid is freezing. Melting Point- the temperature at which a solid melts or fuses. Boiling Point- the temperature at which the vapor prressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere of the liquid. Energy- capacity of a physical system to do work. Sublimation- the evaporation of a substance directly vapor to a solid. Temperature vs. Time Graph-

Questions: 1. What is a physical combination of two or more substances called? a) element b) compound c) mixture d) isotope
 * C**

2. Which of the following is a heterogenous mixture? a) salt water b) carbon dioxide c) bronze d) vegetable soup D

3. Which of the following must be chemically seperated to isolate individual element? a) amononia b) brass c) oil and vinegar salad dressing d) air

4. Which of the following could be physically seperated? a) oxygen b) carbon dioxide b)salt dissolved in water d) pure water

5. Which of the following can be seperated by filtering? a) solution b) compound c) element d) heterogenous mixture

6. What type of arrangement and motion do particles in a liquid have? a) Particles are closely packed but vibrating. b) Particles are not in contact with each other and are moving very quickly. c) Particles are in contact in each other but they are able to slip past one another. d) Particles are not in contact with one another and are moving at extreme speeds.

7. What phase change occurs when a solid changes to a gas? a) freezing b) melting c) evaporation d) sublimation

8. Which state of matter is characterized by particles that take shape and fill the volume of a container in which they are placed? a) solid b) liquid c) gas d) plasma

9. During the process of melting, what happens to the temperature of the substance/ a) it stays constant b) it increases c) it decreases d) it increases and then decreases

10. An unknown solution is tested using blue litmus paper. The blue litmus paper remains blue. What can be determined about the pH using this test? a) The pH is greater than 7. b) The pH is less than 7. c) The pH could be 7 or greater. d) The pH could be 7 or less.

11. An unknown substance is dissolved in water. The solution is corrosive, conducts electricity, and has a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions. What kind of solution does this unknown substances form? a) an acidic solution b) a basic solution c) a neutral solution d) a non-electrolyte solution

12. In which of the following will sugar be hardest to dissolve? a) hot tea b) warm milk c) hot coffee d) iced tea
 * D**

13. The substance that dissolves the solute is called the a) solution b) solvent c) solid d) salt water
 * B**

14) Which form of matter increases its solubility as pressure is increased? a) solid b) gas c) liquid d) powder
 * B**

15. Which solid would be most likely to dissolve in gasoline? a) wax b) ice c) salt d) wood
 * A**

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