PS+3+-+3rd+Period+Brown

Key Terms __substance__- element or compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the properties of the original substances. __Element__- substance with atoms that are alike. __compound__- substance formed from two or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same. __mixture__- when two or more substances are mixed together. __heterogeneous__- mixture, such as mixed nuts or a dry soup mix, in which different material are unevenly distributed and are easily identified. __homogeneous__- solid, liquid, or gas that contains 2 or more substances blending evenly throughout. __collid__- heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle. __suspension__- heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. __physical property__- any characteristic of a material, such as size or shape, that you can observe or attempt to abserve without changing the identity of the material. __physical change__- any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of substance remains the same. __chemical property__- any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change. __chemical change__- change of one substance into a new substance. __rust__- iron combines with oxygen. __law of conservaton of mass__- states that the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances remaining after the change. __**FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF SOLUTION** dissolve-__ water molecules cluster around sugar molecules with negative ends attracted to the positive ends of the sugar. __solubility-__ maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolived in a given tempeture. __solution-__ homogeneous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope. __solute-__ in a solution, the substance being dissolved. __solvent-__ in a solution, the substance in which the solute is dissolved. __molecule-__ a neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing. __agitation-__ the act of agitating or the state of being agitated. __particle size-__ a notion introduced for comparing dimensions of solid particles, liquid particles, and gaseous particles. __tempature-__ measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. __surface area-__ the area of a 3 dimensional shape. __**//PHASES OF MATTER//** kinetic theory-__ explanation of the behavior of molecules in matter. __solids-__ a sample of matter that retains its shape and density when not confined. __liquids-__ solids hit thermal energy or heat and begins to melt. __gases-__ have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractions between them. __plasma-__ matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles. __kinetic energy-__ energy a moving object has because of its motion. __phase change-__ changing from melting/ freezing point to boiling point. __freezing point-__ water freezes at 273 k and boils at373 k. __boiling point-__ the tempature at which the pressure of vapor in the lquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid. __melting point-__ temparture at which a solid begins to liquefy. __energy-__ a change that occurs everywhere. __sublimation-__ the process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid.
 * __CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER__**

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B) 20 g   C) 0.05 g    D) 14.58 g    .    A) The pH is greater than 7 B) The pH is less than 7   D) The pH could be 7 or less A)  Particles are closely packed together and vibrating     B)   Particles are not in contact with each other and are moving very quickly. **// C)   //****// Particles are in contact with each other but they are able to slip past one another //**    D)   Particles are not in contact with one another and are moving at extreme speeds. A)  freezing     B)   melting C)  evaporation   **//  D)   //****// sublimation //** A)  solid     B)   liquid **// C)   //****// gas //**    D)   plasma **// A)   //****// it stays constant //**    B)   it increases C)  it decreases     D)   it increases and then decreases A)  proteins   **//  B)   //****// carbohydrates //** C)  amino acids     D)   hydrocarbons A)  decreases the amount of solvent     B)   increase the amount of solvent **// C)   //****// decreases the size of solute particles  //**    D)   increase the size of solute particles **// A)   //****// formation of hydrogen gas when a metal is placed in a strong acid //**    B)   evaporation of water from a puddle on a hot summer afternoon C)  Hammering of aluminum metal into a thin sheet to be used for aluminum foil.     D)   Finding the density of a piece of silver by measuring its mass and volume. A)  190g/cm3     B)   4200g/cm3 C)  230 g/cm3   **//  D)   //****// 10.5 g/cm3 //** A)  lipid     B)   carbohydrate **// C)   //****// enzyme //**    D)   inorganic acid **// A)   //****// evolution of a gas //**    B)   change from a solid to a liquid C)  breaking into many small pieces     D)   drawing into a thin wire A)  combustion   **//  B)   //****// oxidation //** C)  conduction     D)   sublimation A)  acid     B)   base **// C)   //****// precipitate //**    D)   gas **// A)   //****// an acidic solution //**    B)   a basic solution C)  a neutral solution     D)   a non-electrolyte solution 16. Which of the following is an example of a physical change? A) Formation of silver sulfide when silver reacts with sulfur in the air.    B) Burning of methane gas, producing water and carbon dioxide. D) Vinegar and baking soda combining and forming a salt and water
 * 1)  The density of aluminum is 2.70g/cm3. A piece of aluminum foil has a volume of 54 cm3. What is the mass of this piece of aluminum foil?
 * // A) 145.8 g  //**
 * 1)  An unknown solution is tested using blue litmus paper. The blur litmus paper remains blue. What can be determined about the pH using this test?
 * // C) The pH could be 7 or greater  //**
 * 1)  What type of arrangement and motion so particles in liquid have?
 * 1)  What phase change occurs when a solid changes to a gas?
 * 1)  Which state of matter is characterized by particles that take the shape and fill the volume of the container in which they are placed?
 * 1)  During the process of melting, what happens to the temperature of the substance?
 * 1)  Which type of organic compound is essential for providing energy to organisms?
 * 1)  Which of the following processes would increase the rate of dissolving?
 * 1)  Which change describes a chemical change?
 * 1)  What is the density of a piece of silver that has a mass of 210g and a volume of 20.0cm3?
 * 1)   An unknown substance contains amino acids and catalyzes chemical reactions in the human body. What kind of compound is this substance?
 * 1)   Which of the following is evidence that a chemical change had taken place?
 * 1)   When copper reacts with oxygen in the air, a color change takes place and the copper becomes green. This green color is called patina. What type of chemical change occurs to produce patina?
 * 1)  When solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride are mixed, silver chloride, a solid white substance, forms. What is the name given to a solid substance that forms when two solutions are mixed?
 * 1)   An unknown substance is dissolved in water. The solution is corrosive, conducts electricity, and has a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions. What kind of solution does this unknown substance form?
 * // C) Condensation of water vapor on the outside of a cold can of soda  //**